The uprooted of the Patani Sultanate system of administration in early 20th century by the Siamese king, transformed the peaceful Patani land in to non-stop centuries long battle fields, turmoil, killing, cheating, corrupt, crimes and long lasting enmity of the Muslim Malay of Patani and the Buddhists of Siam. The pioneer of Siamese greatness in the past century had brought the nation Thai of today surrounded with the unfriendly neighbors hoof countries from north to south, from east to north east; much of times wasted with bully problems of Thai-Kampuchea border dispute, Patani conflicts, Myanma refugees, drug trafficking , Esarn red shirt uprising etc.
In 1897 king Rama V had uprooted the Sultanate system of administration in Patani through the introduction of 1897 reformation and in 1901 this introduction was effected in Monthon Patani, the essential of the reformation was changing Patani from Siamese colony to part of Siamese kingdom(Monthon Tesaphiban), the power of administration was rested in Bangkok and tax was collected by Siamese authority, the sultans power was reduced to mere the governor of Siamese principality waiting the orders from Bangkok to run the state affairs. Sultan Abd. Kadir kamaruddeen was appointed by Siamese king as the governor of Patani(Phaya Wichit Pakdee) after his father, Sultan Sulaiman Sharifuddeen Shah in 1899, totally not agree upon what the Siamese king had fulfilled, Phaya Sihatep on receiving the command from Siamese king came down to Patani forced (with the present of a large numbers of Siamese security personnel) Tengku Abd.Kadir Kamaruddeen to sign the letter of abdication of the Patani throne, after the signing ,Phya Sihatep presented the later to the British high commissioner in Singapore telling that Tengku Abd. Kadir Kamaruddeen willingness to abdicated the throne for the safety of Patani and his people, realizing that the sovereignty of Patani was demolished, he wrote the petition to Siamese king in Bangkok to revise and adapted the reformation and made it appropriate to the Patani kingdom but no reaction and answered from Bangkok. In 1901, Siamese king appointed Phya Sakseni as his representative to oversee the affairs of Monthon Patani, his first job was arrested Tengku Lebih the raja of Reman on treason charge
"I trust that the trouble and grievances which are being impost on my people will be seen by your excellency to be so harrassing and unendurable that the peace and well being of the state are endangered…and also that it will be seen that my application for the intervention and good offices of Great Britain has good grounds on which it is founded, and on which such application can be made to Great Britain or some other of the Great Power either Europeans or other”.
When the Siamese king acknowledged the events, on February 21, 1902, Phya Sihatep on receiving the command from him arrested Tengku Abd.Kadir Kamaruddeen at 13 pm. and immediately transfer by ship to Songkhla together with Imam Haji Abd.Latif of Masjid Raja Chabang Tiga, from Songkhla they were sent to Bangkok and thrown in to prison’s well of Pitsanulok temple on the “ 10 years treason” charge against the Siamese kingdom after which he resisted the designation of Siamese power and authority over his kingdom. On March 18, 1902, Tengku Ngoh and Tengku Abd.Muttalib were arrested and released one year later in the same charge. Tengku Abd. Kadir Kamarudden was released on March 21, 1904 on the condition that he will renounced politics and Patani affairs, 500 Malay officials and people with 80 boats welcomed him at Patani port (Patani estuary)after which he exiled himself with the family to the British protectorate state of Kelantan and reside there for the remaining of his life.
Istana Cabang Tiga, Patani
The Palace where Sultan Abd. Kadir Kamaruddeen was born
Sultan Abd.Kadir Kamaruddden born in 1877, son of Sultan Sulaiman Sharifuddin Alauddin of Patani son of Sultan Muhammad I of Patani and Tenku Nik Puteh Ibn Raja Tengku Jalaluddin of Saiburi. He was brought up in Patani and spent the end of his life in the state of Kelantan. He died in Kotabharu Kelatan in 1933, spent all of his life times in trying to restore the independence of Patani Darussalam from the Siamese kingdom.
His Wives and Chilldren
Sultan Abd.Kadir Kamaruddeen Married Tuan Namas of Patani born:-
Tengku Kamariah Ibn. Sultan Abd.Kadir Kamaruddeen
Tengku Besar Zahedah Ibn. Sultan Abd.Kadir Kamaruddeen
Tengku Raudzah Ibn. Sultan Abd.Kadir Kamaruddeen
Tengku Yusof Nuruddin Ibn. Sultan Abd. Kadir Kamaruddeen.
Sultan Abd.Kadir Kamaruddeen Married Cik Maimunah of Patani born:-
Tengku Yah Rahmah Ibn. Sultan Abd.Kadir Kamarudden
Tengku Mahmood Mahyiddeen Ibn Sultan Abd. Kadir Kamaruddeen.
Sultan Abd.Kadir Kamaruddden Married Tengku Maryam Kembang
Ibn. Sultan Ahmad IV of Kelantan born:-
Tengku Sri Akar Ahmad Zainal Abidin Ibn Sultan Abd.Kadir Kamaruddeen
The Out Come of Siamese King Reformation Early 20th century, before the first world war, the Siamese king secured many neighbor countries territory to it own kingdom; the Malay territory of Kedah named Setul and the adjacent islands were given to Siamese king in exchange of Tumpat territory in Kelatan state, the Malay territory (mining territory) in the southern tip of Patani named Keroh was given to Perak while Patani territory herself was secured by Siamese king as part of Siamese kingdom. |
These territories divided by the Siamese king consent and the British king authority, while the owners of the territories were left behind with out given any essential consultation and acknowledgement about the destiny of their territory and their people. The signing of this treaty later, caused ten of thousand people death, displaced ten of thousand more to the neighboring country, created the economic hardship, socials disintegration, threatening the regional stability and the centuries long on going armed uprising of the Patani people.
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| Istana Sri Akar, Kotabahru, Kelatan The Palace where Sultan Abd.Kadir Kamaruddeen Breath his Last |
The Sultan Abd.Kadir Kamaruddeen uprising regarded by Siamese king and Siamese authority as “rebel” who oppose to the Siamese kingdom reformation and later he was blamed by Thai historians and Thai People on the same charge, SomdejkromphayadamrongRajanupap given the reason of this event as follow:-
“In 1902 the British in Singapore wanted to invade Siamese kingdom from the Malay peninsula(from south direction) but the British government in London was not agree, the British in Singapore then designed the strategic plan to satisfy the London government on the one hand, and advised the Malay rulers in Patani to rebel against Siam on the others, sultan Abd.Kadir Kamaruddeen was misinterpretation the intention of the British in Singapore, rebelled against Siamese king, King Rama V ordered the arrest and drop the title and imprison in Pitsanulok province(Central part of Thailand), the unrest in Monthon Patani then back to normal"
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